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Gujarat
Gujarat ( ' ) is a state in the western part of India〔(WINGS Birding Tours to India: the West – Gujarat and the Rann of Kutch – Itinerary ). Wingsbirds.com (14 December 2011). Retrieved on 28 July 2013.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ALL ABOUT GUJARAT )〕 known locally as Jewel of the Western part of India. It has an area of with a coastline of , most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula, and a population in excess of 60 million. The state is bordered by Rajasthan to the north, Maharashtra to the south, Madhya Pradesh to the east, and the Arabian Sea, as well as the Pakistani province of Sindh to the west. Its capital city is Gandhinagar, while its largest city is Ahmedabad. Gujarat is home to the Gujarati-speaking people of India.
The state encompasses major sites of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, such as Lothal and Dholavira. Lothal is believed to be one of the world's first seaports. Gujarat's coastal cities, chiefly Bharuch and Khambhat, served as ports and trading centres in the Maurya and Gupta empires, and during the succession of royal Saka dynasties from the Western Satraps era, whose geographic territories included Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, South Sindh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh states.
Gujarat was known to the Ancient Greeks, and was familiar in other Western centers of civilization through the end of the European Middle Ages. The oldest written record of Gujarat's 2,000-year maritime history is documented in a Greek book titled ''The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean by a Merchant of the First Century''.
== Etymology ==
Modern-day Gujarat is derived from Sanskrit (''Gurjar-Rashtra''), the Gurjar nation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gujrat state official site )〕 Parts of Rajasthan and Gujarat have been known as ''Gurjaratra'' (country ruled or protected by the Gurjars) or ''Gurjarabhumi'' (land of the Gurjars) for centuries before the Mughal period.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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